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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 66 p. graf, ilus.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1397067

ABSTRACT

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes that play a key role in the organism defense. These cells enroll in a range of actions to ensure pathogen elimination and orchestrate both innate and adaptative immune responses. The main physiological structures of neutrophils are their storage organelles that are essential since the cells activation and participate in all their functions. The storage organelles are divided into 2 types: granules and secretory vesicles. The granules are subdivided into azurophilic, specific and gelatinase. The granules are distinguished by their protein content, and since they play an important role on the neutrophil function, the knowledge of the proteins stored in these organelles can help to better understand these cells. Some proteins are present in high abundance and are used as markers for each storage organelle. These proteins are myeloperoxidase (MPO) for azurophil granules, neutrophil gelatinase associated with lipocalin-2 (NGAL) and lactoferrin (LTF) for specific granules, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) for gelatinase granules and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for secretory vesicles. The isolation of neutrophils granules, however, is challenging and the existing procedures rely on large sample volumes, about 400 mL of peripheral blood or 3 x 108 neutrophils, not allowing for multiple biological and technical replicates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a miniaturized neutrophil granules isolation method and to use biochemical assays, mass spectrometry-based proteomics and a machine learning approach to investigate the protein content of the neutrophils storage organelles. With that in mind, 40 mL of the peripheral blood of three apparently healthy volunteers were collected. The neutrophils were isolated, disrupted using nitrogen cavitation and organelles were fractionated with a discontinuous 3-layer Percoll density gradient. The presence of granules markers in each fraction was assessed using western blot , gelatin zymography and enzymatic assays. The isolation was proven successful and allowed for a reasonable separation of all neutrophils storage organelles in a gradient of less than 1 mL, about 37 times smaller than the methodsdescribed in the literature. Moreover, mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified 369 proteins in at least 3 of the 5 samples, and using a machine learning strategy, the localization of 140 proteins was predicted with confidence. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the proteome of neutrophil granules using technical and biological replicates, creating a reliable database for further studies. In conclusion, the developed miniaturized method is reproducible, cheaper, and reliable. In addition, it provides a resource for further studies exploring neutrophil granules protein content and mobilization during activation with different stimuli


Neutrófilos são leucócitos polimorfonucleares que possuem papel fundamental na defesa do organismo. Essas células desempenham diversas ações a fim de assegurar a eliminação de um patógeno e, além disso, orquestram a resposta imune inata e adaptativa. O conjunto composto pelos grânulos de armazenamento e as vesículas secretórias compõe a principal estrutura fisiológica dos neutrófilos. Estes componentes são essenciais desde a ativação celular, participando de todas as funcionalidades desta célula. Os grânulos são subdivididos em azurófilos, específicos e gelatinase. Eles podem ser distinguidos por meio de seu conteúdo proteico e, como são importantes na funcionalidade dos neutrófilos, identificar quais proteínas são armazenadas nestas organelas é imprescindível para entender melhor essa célula como um todo. Algumas proteínas, estão presentes de forma abundante e, portanto, são utilizadas como marcadores dos grânulos. Tais proteínas são mieloperoxidase (MPO) para os grânulos azurófilos, gelatinase de neutrófilo associada a lipocalina (NGAL) e lactoferrina (LTF) para os específicos, metaloproteinase de matrix 9 (MMP9) para os grânulos de gelatinase e fosfatase alcalina (AP) para as vesículas secretórias. Isolar estas estruturas, no entanto, é desafiador visto que os protocolos existentes na literatura utilizam grandes volumes de amostra, cerca de 400 mL de sangue ou 3 x 108 neutrófilos, para apenas um isolamento, impedindo a realização de replicatas técnicas e biológicas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo miniaturizado de isolamento dos grânulos neutrofílicos e utilizar métodos bioquímicos, de proteômica e machine learning para investigar o conteúdo proteico destas estruturas celulares. Para isto, 40 mL de sangue periférico de três voluntários aparentemente saudáveis foi coletado. Os neutrófilos foram então isolados, lisados com cavitação de nitrogênio e o fracionamento subcelular foi realizado baseado em um gradiente descontínuo de 3 camadas de Percoll. O método de isolamento foi avaliado através da investigação dos marcadores utilizando western blotting (WB), zimografia de gelatina e ensaios enzimáticos em cada fração coletada. O isolamento demonstrou-se eficiente e permitiu uma ótima separação dos grânulosem um gradiente menor que 1 mL, cerca de 37 vezes menor que os métodos atualmente descritos na literatura. Além disso, a análise proteômica foi capaz de identificar 369 proteínas presentes em pelo menos 3 das 5 réplicas investigadas e, utilizando ferramentas de machine learning, 140 proteínas foram classificadas como pertencentes a um dos tipos de grânulos ou vesícula secretória com alto nível de confiabilidade. Por fim, o presente estudo foi o primeiro a investigar o proteoma dos grânulos utilizando replicatas técnicas e biológicas, criando e fornecendo uma base de dados robusta que poderá ser utilizada em estudos futuros. Conclui-se, portanto, que a metodologia miniaturizada desenvolvida é eficaz, reprodutível e mais barata, além de permitir estudos mais complexos e profundos sobre o proteoma dos grânulos dos neutrófilos em diferentes momentos celulares, tais como quando ativados via estímulos distintos


Subject(s)
Proteomics/instrumentation , Methodology as a Subject , Neutrophils/classification , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Cavitation , Blotting, Western/instrumentation , Gelatinases/analysis , Alkaline Phosphatase/adverse effects , Machine Learning/classification
2.
J. appl. oral sci ; 27: e20180317, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-984571

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and retinoic acid (RA) are osteoinductive factors that stimulate endogenous mechanisms of bone repair which can be applied on management of osseous defects in oral and maxillofacial fields. Objective Considering the different results of RA on osteogenesis and its possible use to substitute/potency BMP-2 effects, this study evaluated the outcomes of BMP-2, RA, and BMP-2+RA treatments on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the signaling pathway(s) involved. Material and Methods ASCs were treated every other day with basic osteogenic medium (OM) alone or supplemented with BMP-2, RA, or BMP-2+RA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the r-nitrophenol method. Extracellular matrix mineralization was evaluated using von Kossa staining and calcium quantification. Expression of osteonectin and osteocalcin mRNA were determined using qPCR. Smad1, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, BMP-4, and BMP-7 proteins expressions were analyzed using western blotting. Signaling pathway was evaluated using the IPA® software. Results RA promoted the highest ALP activity at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, in comparison to BMP-2 and BMP-2+RA. BMP-2+RA best stimulated phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein expression at day 7 and Smad4 expression at days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were best stimulated by BMP-2+RA at day 7. Matrix mineralization was most improved by BMP-2+RA at days 12 and 32. Additionally, BMP-2+RA promoted the highest BMP signaling pathway activation at days 7 and 14, and demonstrated more activation of differentiation of bone-forming cells than OM alone. Conclusions In summary, RA increased the effect of BMP-2 on osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Tretinoin/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/drug effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteogenesis/physiology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Osteocalcin/analysis , Osteocalcin/drug effects , Osteonectin/analysis , Osteonectin/drug effects , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Blotting, Western , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis , Alkaline Phosphatase/adverse effects , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
4.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 26(2): 17-30, abr.-jun. 1988. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-80735

ABSTRACT

Procedentes de 2 fábricas de ron y 2 de cerveza, se estudiaron 143 consumidores fuertes y habituales de estas bebidas, a quienes se les determinaron las concentraciones de cinc en plasma y 2 enzimas cinc-dependientes: la deshidrogenasa láctica (LDH) y la fosfatasa alcalina (FA); los individuos para su estudio se agruparon según el tipo de consumo y la existencia o no de alteraciones en el perfil hepático. Fue tomado como control un grupo de 81 trabajadores no bebedores o consumidores ocasionales que realizaban actividades laborales semejantes. Se observó que los trabajadores que ingerían de forma habitual elevadas cantidades de alcohol presentaron menores concentraciones de cinc en plasma que el grupo control y que en aquellos bebedores fuertes que presentaban alteraciones en su pérfil hepático, las concentraciones de cinc en plasma resultaron aún menores que en aquéllos con funciones hepáticas normales. Un comportamiento semejante se encontró en la actividad de la enzima LDH, mientras que para la FA sólo se observó una tendencia a la disminución en aquéllos con funciones hepáticas no alteradas. Entre los consumidores de alcohol, los bebedores fuerte de cerveza que mostraron perfiles hepáticos alterados resultaron estar en peor situación nutricional con respecto al cinc, muchos de los cuales mostraron indicadores con valores como deficientes


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Alkaline Phosphatase/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/drug effects , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/adverse effects , Zinc/blood
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